ENGINEERING CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD VECTORS: Vol1; Onchocerciasis.

Salam,,

subjek ni sy amik sem3. blaja sal transports pathogens on or in its body from one place to another. (ex transportation of faecal pathogens by flies or cockroaches). Certain diseases are transmitted by particular species of
arthropod, known as vectors .The most important arthropod vectors are mosquitoes, flies, bugs, ticks and lice..

utk first entry ni,, sy fokuskan river blindness disease.

Onchocerciasis also known as river blindness, is the world's second leading infectious cause of blindness. It is caused by Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode that can live for up to fifteen years in the human body though it can also live in other mammals. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of a black fly. The worms spread throughout the body, and when they die, the y cause intense itching and a strong immune system response that can destroy nearby tissue, such as the eye.

ni adalh mata org yg terkene river blindness@buta sungai.

The primary treatment is a drug, ivermectin. For best effect, entire communities are treated at the same time. A single dose may kill first-stage larvae (microfilariae) in infected people and prevent transmission for many months in the remaining population. Other drugs are also available. A useful adjunct to drug treatment is the removal of the palpable nodules. This is popular in Guatemala, Ecuador, and Mexico.

The worm is transmitted by black flies which breed along fast flowing rivers in West and Central Africa and Latin America.

When it breeds, thousands of tiny ‘microfilariae’ – tiny worms - spread throughout the body eventually to the skin and the eyes.

As the microfilaria die, they cause itching so severe that people make special knives to scratch the skin and pull them out.

nematode worms.

truly.deeply.madly.lovely